Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is a naturally occurring polypeptide hormone with a wide range of biological functions. Originally isolated from the intestine, it is now recognized as a critical signaling molecule in the nervous, digestive, and immune systems.

In the gastrointestinal tract, VIP induces smooth muscle relaxation (such as in the lower esophageal sphincter and stomach), stimulates the secretion of water and electrolytes into the intestinal lumen, and inhibits gastric acid secretion. It also stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate and enzyme secretion.

Beyond the gut, VIP is a powerful vasodilator, which causes blood vessels to widen, leading to increased blood flow and a decrease in arterial blood pressure. It also exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, helping to regulate immune responses. In the brain, VIP functions as a neurotransmitter, playing a role in circadian rhythms, learning, and memory.

Due to its diverse physiological effects, VIP is a subject of extensive research for its potential therapeutic applications in various conditions, including inflammatory diseases, pulmonary hypertension, and neurodegenerative disorders.

• • CAS Number: 40077-57-4